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Karnataka Offers Cleanest EV Charging Mix At 37.6%, UP Tops by Volume: Ember
A new report, “From fossil to flexible: Advancing India’s road transport electrification,” by Ember highlights that, with the right policy changes and expanding charging infrastructure, only 3% of India’s National Electricity Plan (NEP)-14’s wind and solar capacity targets can power the country’s entire electric vehicle (EV) fleet in 2032.
The report also notes that reliably meeting EV charging demands from renewables will require demand-shifting mechanisms, such as Time-of-Day tariffs, along with infrastructure improvements.
The report indicated an exponential growth in the Indian EV market between FY2020 and FY2025. Total EV registrations surged from approximately 0.175 million units in FY2020 to nearly 1.9 million units in FY2025, representing an elevenfold increase, primarily driven by the two-wheeler and three-wheeler segments. Among four-wheelers, electric light motor vehicle sales grew nearly 100-fold—from just over 1,000 units in FY2020 to more than 100,000 units in FY2025—highlighting a sharp upward trend, albeit from a low base.
Impact on Indian States
Based on the analysis shared by EMBER, during FY2025, Karnataka led with 37.6% of electricity mix coming from solar, wind, and hydro, providing the cleanest charging option for EVs. Odisha (29.8%) and Assam stood out with a significant share of hydro, while Rajasthan (24.2%) and Madhya Pradesh (23.8%) recorded notably higher shares of wind and solar in their energy mix.
Meanwhile, Uttar Pradesh, the country’s top EV market by volume, supplies 18.3% of total electricity for charging the EVs from clean resources. In contrast, solar and wind resource-rich states (with limited hydro capacity), like Gujarat (12.3%) and Tamil Nadu (12.8%), have a limited share of clean electricity to supply to EVs. It reflects a varied picture of the overall emission reduction opportunity in these states, said the report.
This positions Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh among the most promising markets for supplying clean charging options for EVs.
Furthermore, the report highlights, "EV charging can serve as an additional option for grid flexibility, presenting a unique opportunity to support the integration of renewable energy. Whereas,
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Impact of Green Tariff
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Supporting the theme of Green tariffs, Ember report said that it can provide a flexible and low-upfront investment pathway for EV charging through renewable energy sources. It explained, "Under this mechanism, eligible consumers can procure a specified quantum of power by paying a green tariff (consumer category tariff rate plus premium) from their DISCOM, which certifies that the electricity has been sourced from renewables. These tariffs, notified by the respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs), can offer operational ease and a verified route to cleaner electricity use. The green tariff varies across states. For example, as per the latest tariff orders, the following premium is payable to avail 100% renewable energy in different states."
“States with higher EV adoption can view the EV sector, among others, as a strategic lever to stimulate demand for clean electricity procurement. Both the centre and states are providing purchase incentives, which not only accelerate EV adoption but also hold potential to facilitate greater integration of renewable energy and will contribute to creating much-needed demand-side flexibility for the grid,” Shah added.